This post covers a comprehensive discussion of nineteen chart patterns, which are commonly utilized by retail traders for price forecasting through technical analysis.
Within this article, you will find concise descriptions of each chart pattern, providing you with a clear understanding of their characteristics and implications. To delve deeper into these chart patterns and explore associated trading strategies, simply click on the “Learn More” button provided.
Furthermore, as a valuable resource for backtesting purposes, we have included a link to download a PDF containing the chart patterns discussed in this article.
By familiarizing yourself with these chart patterns and their respective trading strategies, you can enhance your ability to make informed trading decisions and gain insights into potential price movements.

List of contents

What are chart patterns?

Chart patterns refer to the recurring price formations observed on financial charts, often resembling the shapes of natural objects such as triangles, wedges, and more. These patterns emerge as a result of natural market phenomena and tend to repeat over time.
Traders extensively utilize these repetitive chart patterns to make predictions about the market’s future direction. By identifying and interpreting these patterns, traders gain valuable insights into potential price movements and can make informed trading decisions.
These patterns are typically composed of price waves or swings depicted on candlestick charts. Examples of common chart patterns include the head and shoulders pattern, double top pattern, and triple top pattern. By studying and analyzing these patterns, traders can gain a deeper understanding of market dynamics and increase their chances of success in trading.

Types of chart patterns

Chart patterns can be classified into two main types, primarily determined by the direction of the underlying trend:

Bullish Chart Patterns: These patterns indicate a potential upward trend or bullish market sentiment. Traders often interpret these patterns as signals to buy or enter long positions, anticipating further price appreciation.
Bearish Chart Patterns: Conversely, bearish chart patterns suggest a potential downward trend or bearish market sentiment. Traders may interpret these patterns as indications to sell or enter short positions, expecting further price decline.

Both bullish and bearish chart patterns encompass a wide range of specific patterns, each characterized by its unique shape and structure. These individual patterns provide traders with further insights into market dynamics and can help guide their trading decisions. By recognizing and understanding these various chart patterns, traders can gain a competitive edge and improve their ability to forecast market movements.

List of top 19 chart patterns

In technical analysis, there exists a multitude of repetitive chart patterns that traders utilize to analyze market dynamics. While there are numerous patterns to explore, this list focuses on the top 19 chart patterns renowned for their high probability of success. By familiarizing oneself with these patterns, traders can enhance their ability to identify potential trading opportunities and make informed decisions based on historical price behavior.

Double top

A double top is a common chart pattern in technical analysis, indicating a potential reversal in an uptrend. It forms when an asset’s price reaches a significant peak, experiences a temporary decline, and then rallies again to approximately the same level as the previous peak before declining once more. The pattern resembles the letter “M” and is characterized by two consecutive peaks of similar height, separated by a trough or a pullback in between. Traders often interpret the double top as a signal to sell or take a bearish position, as it suggests that buying pressure may be exhausted and the price could reverse downward. Confirmation of the pattern typically occurs when the price breaks below the trough or support level established between the two peaks.

Double bottom

A double bottom is a common chart pattern in technical analysis, indicating a potential reversal in a downtrend. It forms when an asset’s price reaches a significant low, experiences a temporary bounce, and then declines again to approximately the same level as the previous low before bouncing once more. The pattern resembles the letter “W” and is characterized by two consecutive lows of similar depth, separated by a brief rally or a pullback in between. Traders often interpret the double bottom as a signal to buy or take a bullish position, as it suggests that selling pressure may be exhausted and the price could reverse upward. Confirmation of the pattern typically occurs when the price breaks above the resistance level established between the two lows.

Triple top

The triple top is a well-known chart pattern used in technical analysis to identify potential bearish reversals. It occurs when the price of an asset forms three consecutive tops at the same resistance level. This pattern is considered a basic yet significant indicator for traders.
To identify a triple top, a trend line is drawn by connecting the last two swing lows. This trend line acts as the neckline of the pattern. The confirmation of the triple top pattern occurs when the price breaks below the neckline, indicating a potential shift from a bullish trend to a bearish one.
The triple top pattern suggests that the buying momentum has weakened and selling pressure may increase, potentially leading to a downward price movement. Traders often use this pattern as a signal to take bearish positions or consider selling opportunities.

Triple bottom

The triple bottom is a bullish reversal chart pattern that signifies a potential change in trend. It occurs when the price of an asset forms three consecutive bottoms at the same support level. This pattern is widely observed and studied by traders in technical analysis.
To effectively trade the triple bottom pattern, it is essential to grasp the concept of price swings and impulsive waves. These elements contribute to understanding the formation and significance of the pattern.
In the triple bottom pattern, the neckline is formed by connecting the last two swing highs with a trend line. This trend line serves as a crucial reference point for traders. The confirmation of the pattern occurs when the price breaks above the neckline, indicating a shift from a bearish trend to a bullish one.
The triple bottom pattern suggests that the selling pressure has weakened, and buying momentum may increase, potentially leading to an upward price movement. Traders often interpret this pattern as a signal to take bullish positions or consider buying opportunities.

Head and shoulders pattern

The head and shoulders pattern is a well-known reversal chart pattern that typically appears during a trend reversal. It consists of three distinct price swings, with the highest swing referred to as the head, while the two surrounding swings are known as the shoulders. This pattern derives its name from this distinctive shape.
When the head and shoulders pattern forms, it indicates a potential shift from a bullish trend to a bearish one. It is considered a reliable pattern observed by traders in technical analysis.
Conversely, the inverse head and shoulders pattern is its bullish counterpart and signifies a potential shift from a bearish trend to a bullish one.
During the formation of the head and shoulders pattern, a neckline is also established. The neckline is created by connecting the lows formed between the shoulders. The confirmation of the pattern occurs when the price breaks below the neckline, validating the bearish trend reversal. This breakout is seen as a crucial signal by traders.
The head and shoulders pattern is closely monitored by market participants as it indicates a potential change in market sentiment. Traders often use it to identify opportunities for entering or exiting positions based on the anticipated trend reversal.

Cup and Handle chart Pattern

The cup and handle pattern is a notable chart pattern that typically signifies a continuation of the current trend. It is characterized by a rounded bottom formation, resembling the shape of a cup, followed by a smaller consolidation known as the handle.
While the cup and handle pattern primarily serves as a continuation pattern, its interpretation can vary depending on its location within the overall price trend. If the pattern forms during a bullish trend, it is likely to act as a continuation pattern, indicating a resumption of the upward movement. Conversely, if it appears at the end of a bearish trend, it can serve as a trend reversal pattern, signaling a potential shift from a downtrend to an uptrend.
Conversely, the inverse cup and handle pattern is its bearish counterpart, suggesting a bearish trend continuation.
It’s important to differentiate between a V-shaped wave and a rounded bottom formation. A rounded bottom is relatively rare on price charts, and as such, it is crucial to backtest this pattern thoroughly before relying on it as a reliable trading signal. By conducting proper historical testing, traders can evaluate the pattern’s effectiveness and make more informed trading decisions.
The cup and handle pattern is popular among technical analysts and traders as it offers insights into potential price continuation or reversal. By recognizing and correctly interpreting this pattern, traders can capitalize on market opportunities and enhance their trading strategies.

Three drives chart pattern

The three-drive pattern is a prominent reversal chart pattern that reveals three consecutive attempts by significant traders to either breach or approach a significant key level. Subsequently, a trend reversal takes place in the market.
The three-drive pattern can be further classified into two types based on the trend direction:

Bullish three-drive pattern: This pattern indicates a potential bullish trend reversal. It is characterized by three impulsive waves and two retracement waves, forming a distinct structure.
Bearish three-drive pattern: Conversely, the bearish three-drive pattern suggests a potential bearish trend reversal. It follows a similar structure to the bullish pattern, with three impulsive waves and two retracement waves.

The number three holds significant importance in trading, particularly in relation to Fibonacci numbers. The three-drive pattern aligns with this concept, making it a natural phenomenon observed in the market.
By identifying and understanding the three-drive pattern, traders can potentially anticipate trend reversals and take advantage of market opportunities. It serves as a valuable tool for technical analysis, assisting traders in making informed trading decisions.

Pennant chart pattern

The pennant is a significant continuation chart pattern characterized by five distinct waves labeled as ABCDE. It indicates a temporary pause or consolidation in the prevailing trend before the continuation of the overall trend.
This chart pattern consists of two impulsive waves and three retracement waves. During the retracement phase, the market consolidates inwards, creating a period of indecision among traders. Once the consolidation is complete, the price breaks out in the direction of the prior trend, signaling the continuation of the trend.
The pennant pattern is formed due to the combination of a small inward consolidation and the presence of preceding impulsive price movements. This pattern is commonly observed in financial markets.
The pennant pattern can be further classified into two types:

Bullish pennant pattern: This pattern signifies a bullish continuation of the trend. It is identified by a pennant formation following an upward price movement.
Bearish pennant pattern: On the other hand, the bearish pennant pattern indicates a bearish continuation of the trend. It is recognized by a pennant formation following a downward price movement.

Understanding and recognizing the pennant pattern can provide valuable insights into market dynamics, enabling traders to make informed decisions regarding trend continuation. By identifying these patterns, traders can potentially capitalize on the resumption of the prevailing trend.

Wedge chart Pattern

The wedge pattern is a distinctive chart pattern that signifies a potential trend reversal. It is characterized by a price structure that resembles a wedge shape, with a wider outer section and a narrower inner section. This pattern is considered natural as it reflects the inherent behavior of price movements.
The wedge pattern consists of two trend lines, namely the upper and lower trend lines, and it contains more than three waves within these trend lines. Over time, the size of the waves diminishes, and once the price breaks out of the trend lines, a trend reversal occurs in the market.
The wedge pattern can be classified into two types based on the price structure or the formation of higher highs and lower lows:

Falling wedge pattern: This pattern is identified by a downward-sloping upper trend line and a flatter or rising lower trend line. It suggests a bullish trend reversal, indicating that the price may break out to the upside.

Rising wedge pattern: Conversely, the rising wedge pattern is characterized by an upward-sloping upper trend line and a flatter or falling lower trend line. It implies a bearish trend reversal, suggesting that the price may break out to the downside.

By recognizing and understanding the dynamics of wedge patterns, traders can gain insights into potential trend reversals and adjust their trading strategies accordingly. It is important to note that confirmation of the pattern through a breakout is crucial before making trading decisions.

Diamond chart Pattern

The diamond pattern is a unique chart pattern that can indicate both trend reversals and trend continuations. It is characterized by a diamond-shaped structure formed by price movements on the chart. This pattern combines two market patterns: broadening and inward consolidation.
The interpretation of the diamond pattern depends on its location within the overall price trend. It can be classified into two types:

Bullish diamond chart pattern: When the diamond pattern forms at the bottom of a bearish trend, it suggests a bullish trend reversal. This means that the price may reverse its downward direction and start an upward trend.
Bearish diamond chart pattern: Conversely, if the diamond pattern forms at the top of an uptrend, it indicates a bearish trend reversal. This implies that the price may reverse its upward movement and begin a downward trend.

However, when the diamond pattern appears within the ongoing trend, it acts as a continuation pattern. In such cases, it suggests that the prevailing trend is likely to continue once the consolidation phase is completed.
Traders can benefit from recognizing the diamond pattern as it provides valuable insights into potential trend changes or continuations. However, it is important to wait for confirmation through a breakout or other supporting technical signals before making trading decisions based on this pattern.

Descending triangle pattern

The descending triangle is a bearish continuation chart pattern characterized by a triangle-like shape with a horizontal base and a downward-sloping trendline on the left side.
Refer to the image below to visualize the pattern more effectively.
Within this pattern, the price creates swings, with each subsequent swing being smaller than the previous one. A support zone forms at the bottom of these swing waves.
When the support zone is breached, it signals a bearish trend continuation on the chart.
While it can also act as a reversal chart pattern, its primary usage lies in identifying and confirming ongoing trend continuation.

Ascending triangle pattern

The ascending triangle is a bullish continuation chart pattern characterized by a triangle-like shape with a horizontal base positioned at the top.
Please note that while the support zone forms at the bottom of the descending triangle, in the ascending triangle pattern, the base zone or resistance zone forms at the top of the chart.
It is essentially the inverse of the descending triangle pattern. Swing waves are formed, and when a breakout above the resistance level occurs, it signifies a continuation of the bullish trend. These two patterns are relatively easy to identify, and they often have a high probability of success.
Tip: The GBPJPY currency pair is known to frequently exhibit ascending and descending triangle patterns on price charts across various timeframes.

Symmetrical triangle chart pattern

The symmetrical triangle is a chart pattern that represents a period of consolidation or indecision in the market. It is formed by two converging trend lines, with the upper trend line sloping downward and the lower trend line sloping upward. This creates a triangle-like shape on the chart.
The symmetrical triangle pattern does not have a specific bullish or bearish bias, as it can lead to either a bullish or bearish breakout. Traders often look for a breakout above the upper trend line for a bullish signal or a breakout below the lower trend line for a bearish signal.
During the formation of the pattern, the price swings become smaller as the market becomes range-bound. This indicates a decrease in volatility and uncertainty among traders. Once the price breaks out of the pattern, it is common to see a significant move in the direction of the breakout.
It’s worth noting that the duration of the pattern can vary, ranging from a few weeks to several months, depending on the timeframe being analyzed.

Flag chart pattern

The flag pattern is a popular and sophisticated trend continuation chart pattern that consists of two waves: an impulsive wave and a retracement wave.
The flag pattern holds significant psychological implications, making it a valuable tool for predicting market direction in various ways, particularly in the forex market.
There are two main types of flag patterns based on their wave structure:

Bullish flag pattern:
In the bullish flag pattern, an impulsive bullish wave is followed by a bearish retracement wave. The impulsive wave resembles a pole, while the retracement wave forms the shape of a flag on the pole. The breakout of the flag indicates a continuation of the bullish trend.

Bearish flag pattern:
Conversely, the bearish flag pattern involves a bearish impulsive wave followed by a bullish retracement wave. These waves combine to create the flag pattern. A breakout from the flag suggests a continuation of the bearish trend.

Flag patterns typically form in various assets, including currencies, commodities, and other financial instruments. They offer valuable insights into market trends and can assist traders in making informed decisions.

Broadening Pattern / Megaphone pattern

The broadening pattern is a unique chart pattern characterized by a series of waves where each subsequent wave is larger than the previous one, creating a distinctive megaphone-like structure on the price chart.
This pattern signifies a state of indecision in the market and often serves as a precursor to a significant trend reversal.
The megaphone chart pattern can be further classified into three types based on their structure and location:

Megaphone pattern:
The standard megaphone pattern consists of expanding price swings, with higher highs and lower lows. This pattern reflects increasing market volatility and uncertainty.
Ascending broadening pattern:
In the ascending broadening pattern, the price forms lower lows and lower highs. This indicates a widening range of price movement, reflecting heightened market volatility and conflicting market sentiments.
Descending broadening pattern:
Conversely, the descending broadening pattern features higher highs and higher lows. This pattern suggests an expanding price range with increasing market volatility and conflicting views among market participants.

The broadening patterns, including the megaphone, ascending broadening, and descending broadening patterns, provide valuable insights into market dynamics and can be useful for traders in identifying potential trend reversals and capitalizing on market opportunities.

15. Broadening Pattern Megaphone pattern

Bump and Run chart pattern

The Bump and Run pattern is a distinct chart pattern that unfolds in two distinct phases known as the Bump phase and the Run phase.
During the Bump phase, the price experiences a rapid and forceful upward or downward movement, indicating a significant breakthrough of a key level in the market. This phase is characterized by a surge in buying or selling pressure.
Following the Bump phase, the Run phase begins, during which the price retraces in the opposite direction of the preceding Bump phase. This retracement often reflects a correction or a period of consolidation as market participants reassess the new price level.
It’s worth noting that the Bump and Run pattern has been observed as a strategy employed by market makers to mislead or deceive retail traders, as the exaggerated move during the Bump phase can create a false impression or trap for unsuspecting traders.
By recognizing and understanding the dynamics of the Bump and Run pattern, traders can enhance their analysis and decision-making processes when engaging in the financial markets.

Horizontal trend channels

Trend channels are price channels that depict the horizontal movement of prices between a defined resistance zone and a support zone.
This pattern occurs when the market experiences a balance between buying and selling pressures, resulting in a sideways price movement. The trend channels act as boundaries that contain the price within a specific range. The breakout of these channels can provide valuable insights into the future direction of the price trend.
If the support zone is breached, it suggests a bearish trend may emerge, indicating that sellers have gained control. Conversely, if the resistance zone is broken, it indicates a potential bullish trend as buyers exert greater influence in the market.
The horizontal trend channel is characterized by price swings that create distinct highs and lows within the defined range. It is often referred to as a ranging market, reflecting the absence of a clear directional bias.
Recognizing and analyzing trend channels can assist traders in identifying potential trading opportunities and making informed decisions based on the price behavior within these defined boundaries.

Descending channel pattern

The descending channel is a pattern that indicates a bullish trend reversal, characterized by price movement within a channel that slopes downward. Once the upper trend line is broken, it signifies the start of a bullish trend.

In this pattern, the price forms lower lows and lower highs, with the upper trend line connecting the lower highs and the lower trend line connecting the lower lows.

It’s important not to confuse the descending channel pattern with the descending wedge pattern, as the key distinction lies in the trendlines. Unlike the converging trendlines of the descending wedge, the trendlines in the descending channel are parallel.

By recognizing and analyzing the descending channel pattern, traders can potentially identify opportunities to enter the market during bullish trend reversals and make informed trading decisions based on the breakout of the upper trend line.

Ascending channel pattern

The ascending channel is a pattern that indicates a bearish trend reversal, characterized by price making higher highs and higher lows while moving within a channel of parallel trendlines.
In this pattern, the upper trendline connects the higher highs, acting as a resistance line, while the lower trendline connects the higher lows, acting as a support line.
The bearish trend begins when there is a breakout of the lower trendline, typically accompanied by a significant bearish candlestick. This breakout signals a transition from a bullish price trend to a bearish trend.
By identifying and analyzing the ascending channel pattern, traders can potentially anticipate bearish trend reversals and make informed trading decisions based on the breakout of the lower trendline.

Download Chart Patterns PDF

To download the PDF file containing images of all candlestick patterns for backtesting purposes only, please click on the following link: Chart Patterns PDF.

Conclusion

Chart patterns are extensively utilized by retail traders to predict market movements. These patterns, which recur over time on currency charts, provide valuable insights for traders.
I strongly advise incorporating chart patterns into your trading strategy. By combining these patterns with candlestick patterns and other technical tools, you can significantly enhance your chances of success in trading.

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